This publisher's note contains corrections to Opt. Lett.45, 1966 (2020).OPLEDP0146-959210.1364/OL.385292.We present the design and analysis of a hard x-ray split-delay optical arrangement that combines diffractive and crystal optics. Transmission gratings are employed to achieve the much-desired amplitude splitting and recombination of the beam. Asymmetric channel-cut crystals are utilized to tune the relative delay time. The use of a dispersion-compensation arrangement of the crystals allows the system to achieve subnanoradian pointing stability during a delay scan. It also minimizes wavefront distortion and preserves the pulse front and pulse duration. We analyze the performance of a prototype design that can cover a delay time range of 15 ps with a sub-20 fs time resolution at 10 keV. https://www.selleckchem.com/ We anticipate that this system can fully satisfy the very demanding stability requirements for performing split-pulse x-ray photon correlation spectroscopy measurements for the investigation of fast atomic scale dynamics in complex disordered matter.The direct Zakharov-Shabat scattering problem has recently gained significant attention in various applications of fiber optics. The development of accurate and fast algorithms with low computational complexity to solve the Zakharov-Shabat problem (ZSP) remains an urgent problem in optics. In this Letter, a fourth-order multi-exponential scheme is proposed for the Zakharov-Shabat system. The construction of the scheme is based on a fourth-order three-exponential scheme and Suzuki factorization. This allows one to apply the fast algorithms with low complexity to calculate the ZSP for a large number of spectral parameters. The scheme conserves the quadratic invariant for real spectral parameters, which is important for various telecommunication problems related to information coding.Cancer progression leads to changing scattering properties of affected tissues. Single fiber reflectance (SFR) spectroscopy detects these changes at small spatial scales, making it a promising tool for early in situ detection. Despite its simplicity and versatility, SFR signal modeling is hugely complicated so that, presently, only approximate models exist. We use a classic approach from geometrical probability to derive accurate analytical expressions for diffuse reflectance in SFR that shows a strong improvement over existing models. We consider the case of limited collection efficiency and the presence of absorption. A Monte Carlo light transport study demonstrates that we adequately describe the contribution of diffuse reflectance to the SFR signal. Additional steps are required to include semi-ballistic, non-diffuse reflectance also present in the SFR measurement.A novel, to the best of our knowledge, optical method using a high-speed polarimetry is proposed for real-time attitude tracking in an ultra-large measurement range. The attitude metrology utilizes the field-of-view effect in birefringent crystals, which is known as the birefringence deviates with the field-of-view angle of polarized light. The basic principle of the metrology is presented via theoretical derivation and has been verified in the static retardance measurement experiments. With a resolution test, a temporal resolution of 0.4 ms per attitude measurement and an angular resolution up to 0.0025°are achieved. With the help of a bubble level, the attitude angles of an object attached with a birefringent wave plate are obtained in the dynamic experiments, which have achieved an accuracy better than 0.02°. Additionally, the angular velocity and acceleration of the real-time measured roll angle can be extracted simultaneously. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed metrology has great potential and advantages in the real-time attitude sensing.We propose and demonstrate that optical analog computing of spatial differentiation and edge detection can be realized with a single layer of dielectric metasurface. The optical transfer function for second-order derivation is obtained by engineering the spatial dispersion of electric dipole resonance supported by the silicon nanodisks in the metasurface. Benefiting from this unique mechanism of electric dipole resonance, spatial differentiation can be performed for two dimensions and arbitrary polarization with a large spatial bandwidth and high efficiency at the visible wavelength. Explicitly, we have numerically validated the application with one-dimensional spatial functions as well as an image, and the results show excellent performance. Our study can facilitate the research of optical computing with artificial nanostructures.We experimentally demonstrate high-speed metro-scale optical transmission of a single sideband (SSB) 4-ary pulse amplitude modulation (PAM-4) signal based on a silicon photonic dual-drive Mach-Zehnder modulator (MZM). We propose a novel, to the best of our knowledge, artificial neural network (ANN) structure of soft combined ANN (SC-ANN) to compensate for both linear and nonlinear impairments of the signal. SC-ANN obtains the enhanced performance by averaging the outputs of conventional ANN with different sizes. With the help of the SC-ANN, we achieve a 320 km standard single-mode fiber (SSMF) transmission of 184 Gb/s (92Gbaud) PAM-4 with a bit-error rate (BER) below the 20% soft-decision forward error-correction (SD-FEC) threshold of $2.4 \times 10^ - 2$2.4×10-2, and the optical signal-to-noise ratio (OSNR) penalty is only 0.3 dB compared to the back-to-back (BTB) results.We theoretically demonstrate significant enhancement of two-photon amplification by using a superconductor for both a Cooper-pair source and surface plasmon-polariton mode guiding. Cooper-pair-based gain active region restriction to the superconductor-semiconductor interface limits its potentially highly efficient two-photon gain process. Using the superconductor layer for a plasmonic waveguide structure allows strong photon confinement while reducing design and fabrication constraints. This results in three orders of magnitude enhancement of the superconducting two-photon gain (TPG) compared to superconductor-based dielectric waveguides. Moreover, a superconducting TPG produced by a plasmonic waveguide increases with carrier concentration, meeting practical device requirements. Our results pave the way for efficient two-photon amplification realization in nanoscale devices.